| Ingredient Desired | Substitution if you don’t have it |
| Arrowroot, 1 tsp | Cornstarch, ¾ tsp or 1.1/2 tsp flour |
| Bread Crumbs, 1 c | Cracker Crumbs ¾ to 1 c |
| Butter, 1c | Vegetable oil, scant less than 1 c |
| Buttermilk, 1c | Vinegar or lemon juice, 1 tbsp + warm milk to = 1 c, let stand for 5 minutes |
| Baking Powder, 1 tsp | Baking soda ¼ tsp + cream of tartar ½ tsp |
| Broth, 1 c | Buillion cube, 1 (pr 1 tsp granules) + 1 c hot water |
| Cake Flour, 1 c | All-purpose flour, 1 c – 1 tbsp |
| Chocolate, Semisweet, 1 c | Unsweetened coca, ½ c + 1/3 c sugar + 6 tbsp butter or margarine |
| Cornstarch, 1 tsp | Flour 2 tsp |
| Corn Syrup, light, 1 c | Granulated sugar, 1 1/4c + ¼ c water |
| Corn Syrup, dark, 1 c | Brown sugar, 1 ¼ c + 1 ¼ c water or ¾ c light corn syrup + ¼ cup molasses |
| Cream, half and half, 1 c | Butter, 1 ½ tbsp + enough whole milk to = 1 c or ½ c light cream + ½ c whole milk |
| Cream, sour 1 c | Yogurt, 1 c or 1 tbsp lemon juice + enough evaporated or plain milk to make 1 c |
| Flour, for thickening, 2 tbsp | Cornstarch 1 tbsp |
| Flour, All-Purpose, 1 c | Cake flour, 1 c + 1 tbsp |
| Flour, Cake 1 c | All-purpose flour, 1 c – 1 tbsp |
| Gingerroot, grated, 1 tsp | Ginger, ¾ tsp, dry, ground |
| Herbs, fresh 1 tbsp | Herbs, dried, ½ – ¾ tsp |
| Honey, 1 c | Sugar 1 ¼ c + ¼ c water |
| Lemon Juice, 1 tbsp | Vinegar, ½ tbsp |
| Milk, Whole, 1 c | Skin milk, 1 c + 2 tbsp butter |
| Milk, sour (buttermilk), 1 c | Vinegar or lemon juice, 1 tbsp + warm milk to = 1 c, let stand for 5 minutes |
| Mustard, prepared, 1 tbsp | Mustard dry, 1 tsp |
| Molasses, 1 c | Honey, ½ c or 1 ¼ c brown sugar melted |
| Oil, cooking, vegetable, 1 c | Butter or margarine, ½ lb |
| Pine nuts, 1 tbsp | Slivered almonts, 1 tbsp |
| Poultry seasoning, 1 tsp | Sage ½ tsp, thyme ¼ tsp, plus a pinch of marjoram, rosemary, nutmeg and pepper |
| Pumpkin Pie Spice, 1 tsp | Cinnamon, ½ tsp, ground ginger, ¼ tsp, plus a pinch of allspice and nutmeg |
| Sugar, light brown, 1 c | Granulated sugar, ½ c + ½ c dark brown sugar |
| Sugar, dark brown, 1 c | Granulated sugar, 1 c + 1 tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup |
| Sugar, granulated, 1 c | Confectioners’ sugar, 1 ¾ c or 1 c honey and 1 tsp baking soda |
| Tomato juice, 1 c | Tomato sauce, ½ c + ½ c water |
| Tomato paste, 2 tbsp | Tomato sauce, ¼ c reduced by heating to half |
| Vanilla bean, 1 bean | Pure vanilla Extract, 1 tsp |
| Vinegar, 1 tbsp | Lemon juice, 2 tbsp |
| Wine, 1 c | Apple juice/cider, or chicken or beef broth, 1 c |
| Yogurt, 1 c | Milk, 1 c + 1 tbsp lemon juice, let stand 5 min |
